If it affects current or future income, assets, or anything else in the underwriting process, of course they can. It is certainly reasonable for them to consider it as a factor in most cases.

They can not base their decision on your disability. Your income which may - or may not - be reduced because of your disability would be a legitimate factor in a bank's lending decision.

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No, they would do so on lack of income and credit qualification.

Based upon your disability? No. Unless there is a compelling reason they cannot even use it as a factor.

Based upon the amount you receive for disability? Yes. The amount you received regardless of the reason why you receive it is a legitimate reason.