Re: loser pay

No state has it by default. However, many mechanisms are built into the laws and rules of the various states which allow the parties to invoke the "loser pays" rule. I haven't seen a survey of the many ways to do it in every state, but I'm sure that almost all states allow the rule to be invoked in many kinds of lawsuits.

In Florida, for example, the rule can be invoked by the parties in almost every civil case.